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#15
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| EOn Nov 10, 9:47 am, TheGuffster <TheAmazingGu...[at]gmail.com> wrote: - quote - > On Nov 10, 3:47 am, dank <d...[at]nugget.org> wrote:
Excellent And even before there were meds for TB people often got> > > > > TheGuffster wrote... > > > So you would like to lock up the 2 billion people world wide that have > > > TB? Can we put them in your backyard? > > > > Idiot! > > > Well, they can't work anyway, unless you are volunteering to work next > > to them. The choices are paying to quarantine them until they are > > cured or they die of the disease or old age, or pay to support them in > > the mainstream community where they continue to infect other people > > who will also require the same financial support. There is a third > > option and that is to gas them to death and incinerate them, but that > > is unlikely to generate much political support (at the moment). > > > I boarded a city bus the other day and was heading towards the back > > when an old homeless man sitting there began coughing his lungs out. > > I headed for the front and opened the window and I noticed nobody else > > was sitting next to him, not even you. I believe we all wished he > > would just go away, but there was nothing we could do. > > Why don't you read about TB before you open your clap trap? The > majority of people with TB aren't contagious and they do work, > probably harder than you. I do work around people with TB, thats just > part of being in the medical field. Just because you're an uneducated > clod doesn't mean everyone else is! > > Oh and lastly, when was the last time you got a TB test? Your chances > of having it are around 1 in 3(Depending on where you live!) > > Here, try to educate yourself.....http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/t/tube...contagious.htm better if they got lots of good food and plenty of sun. Vitamin C, D and A are pretty important in this context. The lung will wall off the infected area and keep it in check though sometime it gets reactivated in old age. |
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#14
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| trigonometry1...[at]gmail.com wrote: - quote - > Well "your idea" has some merit here though
Yes - I'm anemic, and I find that when I DO remember the iron> there are other factors. First HIV makes people much > more prone to catching TB. Further iron fortification in > the context of stunted growth due the lack of > protein and overal calories may serve little good. > > And the spread of Islam would also worsen the situation. > When the black women coverup per Islamic rules, they > would become more prone to aggressive TB as they > will be shorted on there UV exposure. Low vitamin > D as a result of too little UV in the context of HIV > wouldn't likely be good either. > > Personally, I avoid fortified flour for the most part. > On the other hand, having been anemic in the past, > I can say iron supplementation can work wonders in > the right context. supplesments, I'm actually LESS susceptilble to illness. V |
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#13
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| On Nov 10, 3:47 am, dank <d...[at]nugget.org> wrote: - quote - > TheGuffster wrote...
Why don't you read about TB before you open your clap trap? The> > So you would like to lock up the 2 billion people world wide that have > > TB? Can we put them in your backyard? > > > Idiot! > > Well, they can't work anyway, unless you are volunteering to work next > to them. The choices are paying to quarantine them until they are > cured or they die of the disease or old age, or pay to support them in > the mainstream community where they continue to infect other people > who will also require the same financial support. There is a third > option and that is to gas them to death and incinerate them, but that > is unlikely to generate much political support (at the moment). > > I boarded a city bus the other day and was heading towards the back > when an old homeless man sitting there began coughing his lungs out. > I headed for the front and opened the window and I noticed nobody else > was sitting next to him, not even you. I believe we all wished he > would just go away, but there was nothing we could do. majority of people with TB aren't contagious and they do work, probably harder than you. I do work around people with TB, thats just part of being in the medical field. Just because you're an uneducated clod doesn't mean everyone else is! Oh and lastly, when was the last time you got a TB test? Your chances of having it are around 1 in 3(Depending on where you live!) Here, try to educate yourself..... http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/t/tube...contagious.htm |
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#12
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| TheGuffster wrote... - quote - > So you would like to lock up the 2 billion people world wide that have
Well, they can't work anyway, unless you are volunteering to work next> TB? Can we put them in your backyard? > > Idiot! to them. The choices are paying to quarantine them until they are cured or they die of the disease or old age, or pay to support them in the mainstream community where they continue to infect other people who will also require the same financial support. There is a third option and that is to gas them to death and incinerate them, but that is unlikely to generate much political support (at the moment). I boarded a city bus the other day and was heading towards the back when an old homeless man sitting there began coughing his lungs out. I headed for the front and opened the window and I noticed nobody else was sitting next to him, not even you. I believe we all wished he would just go away, but there was nothing we could do. |
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#11
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| On Nov 8, 4:39 pm, dank <d...[at]nugget.org> wrote: - quote - > ironjustice wrote...
So you would like to lock up the 2 billion people world wide that have> > Sooo .. by FORCED mass supplementation of iron in the foods in Africa > > are we **responsible** for this .. > > > FRANCE > > HIV-TB co-epidemic sweeps sub-Saharan Africa > > > Fri, 02 Nov 2007 > > > Drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV have merged into a double- > > barrelled epidemic that is sweeping across sub-Saharan Africa and > > threatening global efforts to eradicate both diseases, according to a > > report released on Friday. > > > Over-burdened health systems are unable to cope with the epidemic and > > risk collapse, said the report, which calls for urgent measures to > > curb its spread. > > Other than a demand for lots of money, are any of the urgent measures > to control HIV and TB actually specified? Are there any plans to > physically stop the infected person from infecting others? > > Right now it seems the plan is to take trillions of Western tax dollars > and use it to buy expensive pills to give to African countries. That's > the entire plan; there seems to be no effort to prevent the medicated > HIV/TB patients from continuing to spread their diseases. If anything, > Western drug companies profit from failure to contain these epidemics. > If you look at the "prevention" measures health agencies are taking, > it consists of counseling the infectee with a brochure and giving him > a few condoms along with his bucket of AIDS pills and sending him on > his way to infect the rest of the village.- Hide quoted text - > > - Show quoted text - TB? Can we put them in your backyard? Idiot! |
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#10
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| "ironjustice" <ironjustice[at]cashette.com> wrote in message news:1194570661.806442.160770[at]k35g2000prh.googlegroups.com... - quote - > > On Nov 8, 2:39 pm, "Manky Badger" <you.m...[at]be.joking> wrote:
(rant snipped)> > Personal abuse is your first and only recoourse to your critics. << > > Critics .. ? QED - quote - > GET a fkg .. life ..
I have one, as you know from your net-stalking of me.Do you have one? - quote - > > As I've said before, those that haven't killfiled you laugh at you. > > So why do you bother? Trolling can't be THAT much fun, can it? |
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#9
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| ferrous[at]paris.com wrote: - quote - > "Sooo .. by FORCED mass supplementation of iron in the foods in Africa
"control" is illusory.> are we **responsible** for this .." > > Take it easy, we know it takes some getting use to. The body controls > iron levels. Disorders related to iron levels are due to genetic and > other disruptions in these normal controls. http://ecologos.org/iron.htm Read the Heme Iron section, such iron level Laurie -- Scientifically-credible info on human diet: http://ecologos.org/ttdd.html news:alt.food.vegan.science |
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#8
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| On Nov 8, 2:39 pm, "Manky Badger" <you.m...[at]be.joking> wrote: Personal abuse is your first and only recoourse to your critics. << Critics .. ? Critics are those who KNOW what they are talking about .. YOU on the other hand are a .. jrkff .. plain and simple .. AND you have PROVEN that .. numerous .. times .. How .. ? By responding JUST like you have to a post which contains NOTHING but .. science .. and HAVE the stupidity to actually .. say .. "nothing you post remotely supports your basic premise", You are .. stupid .. I think I've called you that .. before .. Or .. subversive .. Which one is it .. Both .. ? GET a fkg .. life .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk - quote - > As I've said before, those that haven't killfiled you laugh at you. > So why do you bother? Trolling can't be THAT much fun, can it? |
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#7
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| "ironjustice" <ironjustice[at]cashette.com> wrote in message news:1194555974.926215.136530[at]e34g2000pro.googlegroups.com... - quote - > On Nov 8, 9:27 am, "Manky Badger" <you.m...[at]be.joking> wrote:
There's nothing like a well reasoned argument, is there?> Listen to the man,<< > > How come I ain't surprised .. YOU .. call this lying twobitpceofsht .. > a .. man .. > And, as usual, you present nothing like a well reasoned argument. Why on earth do you persist with this, Tommy? You are wrong. So wrong. Your ideas are based on a fallacy, nothing you post remotely supports your basic premise, you don't use anything remotely resembling scientific discussion. Personal abuse is your first and only recoourse to your critics. As I've said before, those that haven't killfiled you laugh at you. So why do you bother? Trolling can't be THAT much fun, can it? |
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#6
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| ironjustice wrote... - quote - > Sooo .. by FORCED mass supplementation of iron in the foods in Africa
Other than a demand for lots of money, are any of the urgent measures> are we **responsible** for this .. > > FRANCE > HIV-TB co-epidemic sweeps sub-Saharan Africa > > Fri, 02 Nov 2007 > > Drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV have merged into a double- > barrelled epidemic that is sweeping across sub-Saharan Africa and > threatening global efforts to eradicate both diseases, according to a > report released on Friday. > > Over-burdened health systems are unable to cope with the epidemic and > risk collapse, said the report, which calls for urgent measures to > curb its spread. to control HIV and TB actually specified? Are there any plans to physically stop the infected person from infecting others? Right now it seems the plan is to take trillions of Western tax dollars and use it to buy expensive pills to give to African countries. That's the entire plan; there seems to be no effort to prevent the medicated HIV/TB patients from continuing to spread their diseases. If anything, Western drug companies profit from failure to contain these epidemics. If you look at the "prevention" measures health agencies are taking, it consists of counseling the infectee with a brochure and giving him a few condoms along with his bucket of AIDS pills and sending him on his way to infect the rest of the village. |
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#5
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| On Nov 8, 9:27 am, "Manky Badger" <you.m...[at]be.joking> wrote: Listen to the man,<< How come I ain't surprised .. YOU .. call this lying twobitpceofsht .. a .. man .. Could it be .. because you consider yourself a man .. UK medical guy .. ? I believe you need testicles. You have used improper .. markers .. TO .. distinguish .. a .. man .. Lying , doctoring medical studies and failing ones' .. charges .. are NOT .. 'markers' .. to .. use .. Let me .. advise .. you .. Type in .. "manly markers" .. Start there .. and when you get .. stuck .. Ask .. and I will tell you more phrases .. to .. use .. in your study of HOW to .. BE .. a .. man .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk |
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#4
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| <ferrous[at]paris.com> wrote in message news:47332e5f$0$3846$1c4686b2[at]news.club.cc.cmu.edu... - quote - > Iron uptake is controlled at the gut level. If someone is low iron then
Listen to the man, Tommy.> supplementation will increase uptake, if not then the extra iron will > not be absorbed. > > I know this new reality will take a bit for someone who has spent years > heating up the search enjines in what is now exposed to be a waste of > time. > > Go with the new altitude notion instead. > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. You're wrong again. |
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#3
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| Iron uptake is controlled at the gut level. If someone is low iron then supplementation will increase uptake, if not then the extra iron will not be absorbed. I know this new reality will take a bit for someone who has spent years heating up the search enjines in what is now exposed to be a waste of time. Go with the new altitude notion instead. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. |
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#2
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| On Nov 8, 6:13 am, ferr...[at]paris.com wrote: Disorders related to iron levels are due to genetic and other disruptions in these normal controls. << Actually .. iron supplementation has been PROVEN .. to increase susceptibility to .. infection .. Sooo .. exactly what are you doing on this thread .. ? You obviously .. don't KNOW .. that .. didn't KNOW that .. and obviously .. evidenced by the sheer number of times THAT has been shown ON my threads .. means .. ? .. you will NEVER .. know .. that .. Sooo .. seeing this is posted to science .. groups .. and you have no .. ability .. IN .. science .. at .. all .. Explain what you are doing .. here .. Using science .. "well-meaning investigators gave iron to supplement the low levels found in Somali nomads. At the end of one month, 38 percent had infections versus 8 percent of those who had not taken the supplements" Learn your sht .. or fk .. off .. You are .. one .. **useless** .. fk .. Print that .. out .. or write it down .. or repeat it numerous times outloud to yourself. All those methods work if something is important to .. understand. Understand .. ? Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk |
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#1
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| "Sooo .. by FORCED mass supplementation of iron in the foods in Africa are we **responsible** for this .." Take it easy, we know it takes some getting use to. The body controls iron levels. Disorders related to iron levels are due to genetic and other disruptions in these normal controls. Thus, the answer with regard to africa is no because they too have normal control of iron levels taken as a whole. Do these disorders vary in africa with altitude? Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. |
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| On Nov 7, 10:08 pm, ironjustice <ironjust...[at]cashette.com> wrote: - quote - > Sooo .. by FORCED mass supplementation of iron in the foods in Africa
Well "your idea" has some merit here though> are we **responsible** for this .. > > FRANCE > HIV-TB co-epidemic sweeps sub-Saharan Africa > > Fri, 02 Nov 2007 > > Drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV have merged into a double- > barrelled epidemic that is sweeping across sub-Saharan Africa and > threatening global efforts to eradicate both diseases, according to a > report released on Friday. > > Over-burdened health systems are unable to cope with the epidemic and > risk collapse, said the report, which calls for urgent measures to > curb its spread. > > A third of the world's 40 million HIV/Aids sufferers also have TB, and > the death rate for people infected with both is five times higher than > that for tuberculosis alone. > > Aggravated by XDR-TB > > The situation is aggravated by surging rates of multi-drug resistant > and extensively drug-resistant TB precisely in those areas where the > rates of HIV infection are highest. > > MDR and XDR tuberculosis are resistant to some or all of the standard > drugs used to fight the disease. > > "Now the eye of the storm is in sub-Saharan Africa, where half of new > TB cases are HIV co-infected," said Veronica Miller, co-author of the > report and director of The Forum for Collaborative HIV Research, which > issued the study. > > "Unlike bird flu, the global threat of HIV/TB is not hypothetical - it > is here now," she said. > > One third of the world's population carries the tuberculosis > bacterium, but the disease remains latent in nine out of 10. > > HIV changes equation > > HIV, however, changes the equation: Of those whose immune systems have > been compromised by HIV, 10 percent will develop active tuberculosis > each year, according to the report. > > "In today's world, a new TB infection occurs every second. When one > considers that much of this transmission occurs in areas with high HIV > prevalence, the imminent danger of a global co-epidemic is clear," > said Diane Havlir, head of the World Health Organisation's TB/HIV > working group. > > TB control has been severely destabilised in regions with high rates > of HIV, the study says. > > In one community of 13 000 people outside of Cape Town, South Africa, > the TB patient case load increased six-fold between 1996 and 2004, the > researchers reported. > > A staggering increase > > "There has been a staggering increase in TB in this community, and > this has been replicated right across southern Africa," Stephan Lawn, > a medical researcher at the University of Cape Town, said in a > statement. > > The report called for urgent coordinated action on the part of > governments, researchers, drug companies and local communities. > > The measures called for include fast diagnostic tests to detect all > forms of TB in HIV-infected adults and children; new methods to > rapidly map HIV and TB hotspots; new screening tools to identify new > cases of drug-resistant TB; and better equipment for field > laboratories in the most affected areas. > > There are approximately nine million new cases of tuberculosis in the > world every year, according to the WHO. In 2005, the disease killed > 1.6 million people. > > At the same time, an estimated 40 million people are living with HIV, > according to the UN and the WHO. There were 4.3 million new infections > in 2006 with 2.8 million (65 percent) of these occurring in sub- > Saharan Africa. > > In 2006, 2.9 million people died of Aids-related illnesses. > > In South Africa, HIV/Aids is the leading cause of child mortality and > accounts for 40 to 60 percent of all deaths nationwide, according to > Unicef. > > AFP > > ---------------------------------------- > > The Effect of the Host's Iron Status on Tuberculosis > Author(s) Johan R. Boelaert, Stefaan J. Vandecasteele, Rui > Appelberg, > and Victor R. Gordeuk > Identifiers > The Journal of Infectious Diseases, volume 195 (2007), pages 1745- > 1753 > DOI: 10.1086/518040 > PubMed ID: 17492589 > > Abstract > Several lines of evidence have suggested that iron is critical for > Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in macrophages. Macrophage iron > loading in patients with African iron overload increases the risk of > tuberculosis (TB) and may worsen TB outcome. Likewise, macrophage > iron > loading may contribute to an increased predisposition toward TB in > HIV > infection. Human genetic disorders or variations may increase the > risk > of TB or worsen its outcome through macrophage iron loading, > including > the haptoglobin 2-2 phenotype, NRAMP1 polymorphisms (at least in > Africans and Asians), and possibly ferroportin 1 mutations, but not > HFE hemochromatosis. Thus, the host's iron status may be an important > yet underevaluated factor in TB prevention and therapy and in TB > vaccine design. > > Published by the University of Chicago Press > > Copyright © 2007, the Infectious Diseases Society of America. > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------**-----**----- > > J Clin Virol 2001 Feb;20(3):111-5 > > Iron status and the outcome of HIV infection: an overview. > > Gordeuk VR, Delanghe JR, Langlois MR, Boelaert JR > > Center for Sickle Cell Disease and Department of Medicine, Howard > University College of Medicine, 20059, Washington, DC, USA > > [Medline record in process] > > Background: Theoretical considerations and experiments in the > laboratory suggest that excessive iron stores may have an adverse > effect on immunity. If so, high iron stores might be especially a > problem in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) > infection. > Objective and study design: Review published clinical studies that > provide information regarding the effect of iron status on the > outcome > of HIV infection. Results: Four clinical observations have > provided > some perspective on the effect of iron status on the outcome of > HIV-1 > infection. First, in a restrospective study of HIV-positive > thalassemia major patients, the rate of progression of HIV disease > was > significantly faster in patients with lower doses of > desferrioxamine > and higher serum ferritin concentrations. > **Second, the inadvertent > simultaneous administration of low doses of oral iron with dapsone > for > the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-positive > patients may have been associated with excess mortality.** > Third, a > study of haptoglobin polymorphisms in HIV-positive subjects > indicated > that the haptoglobin 2-2 polymorphism is associated with higher > iron > stores and shortened survival as compared with the haptoglobin 1-1 > or > 2-1 phenotypes. Fourth, a retrospective study of bone marrow > macrophage iron in HIV-positive patients suggested that survival > is > shorter with high iron stores. Conclusion: These four observations > raise the possibility that high iron status may adversely > influence > the outcome of HIV-1 infection. > > PMID: 11166657, UI: 21112136 > > __________________________________________________ _______________ > > J Gastroenterol. 2007 Oct;42(10):830-6. Epub 2007 Oct 15. > Long-term phlebotomy with low-iron diet therapy lowers risk of > development of hepatocellular carcinoma from chronic hepatitis > C.Kato J, Miyanishi K, Kobune M, Nakamura T, Takada K, Takimoto R, > Kawano Y, Takahashi S, Takahashi M, Sato Y, Takayama T, Niitsu Y. > Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University > School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, > Japan. > > BACKGROUND: > We have previously demonstrated that in patients with chronic > hepatitis C (CHC), iron depletion improves serum alanine > aminotransferase (ALT) levels as well as hepatic oxidative DNA > damage. > However, it has not been determined whether continuation of iron > depletion therapy for CHC favorably influences its progression to > hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). > METHODS: > We conducted a cohort study on biopsy-proven CHC patients with > moderate or severe liver fibrosis who failed to respond to previous > interferon (IFN) therapy or had conditions for which IFN is > contradicted. Patients were divided into two groups: subjects in > group > A (n = 35) underwent weekly phlebotomy (200 g) until they reached a > state of mild iron deficiency, followed by monthly maintenance > phlebotomy for 44-144 months (median, 107 months), and they were > advised to consume a low-iron diet (5-7 mg iron/day); group B (n = > 40) > comprised CHC patients who declined to receive iron depletion > therapy. > RESULTS: > In group A, during the maintenance phase, serum ALT levels decreased > to less than 60 IU/l in all patients and normalized (<40 IU/l) in 24 > patients (69%), whereas in group B no spontaneous decrease in serum > ALT occurred. Hepatocarcinogenesis rates in groups A and B were 5.7% > and 17.5% at the end of the fifth year, and 8.6% and 39% in the tenth > year, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that iron > depletion > therapy significantly lowered the risk of HCC (odds ratio, 0.57) > compared with that of untreated patients (P = 0.0337). > CONCLUSIONS: > Long-term iron depletion for CHC patients is a promising modality for > lowering the risk of progression to HCC. > > PMID: 17940836 [PubMed - in process] > > Who loves ya. > Tom > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com > > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk there are other factors. First HIV makes people much more prone to catching TB. Further iron fortification in the context of stunted growth due the lack of protein and overal calories may serve little good. And the spread of Islam would also worsen the situation. When the black women coverup per Islamic rules, they would become more prone to aggressive TB as they will be shorted on there UV exposure. Low vitamin D as a result of too little UV in the context of HIV wouldn't likely be good either. Personally, I avoid fortified flour for the most part. On the other hand, having been anemic in the past, I can say iron supplementation can work wonders in the right context. |
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#-1
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| Sooo .. by FORCED mass supplementation of iron in the foods in Africa are we **responsible** for this .. FRANCE HIV-TB co-epidemic sweeps sub-Saharan Africa Fri, 02 Nov 2007 Drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV have merged into a double- barrelled epidemic that is sweeping across sub-Saharan Africa and threatening global efforts to eradicate both diseases, according to a report released on Friday. Over-burdened health systems are unable to cope with the epidemic and risk collapse, said the report, which calls for urgent measures to curb its spread. A third of the world's 40 million HIV/Aids sufferers also have TB, and the death rate for people infected with both is five times higher than that for tuberculosis alone. Aggravated by XDR-TB The situation is aggravated by surging rates of multi-drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB precisely in those areas where the rates of HIV infection are highest. MDR and XDR tuberculosis are resistant to some or all of the standard drugs used to fight the disease. "Now the eye of the storm is in sub-Saharan Africa, where half of new TB cases are HIV co-infected," said Veronica Miller, co-author of the report and director of The Forum for Collaborative HIV Research, which issued the study. "Unlike bird flu, the global threat of HIV/TB is not hypothetical - it is here now," she said. One third of the world's population carries the tuberculosis bacterium, but the disease remains latent in nine out of 10. HIV changes equation HIV, however, changes the equation: Of those whose immune systems have been compromised by HIV, 10 percent will develop active tuberculosis each year, according to the report. "In today's world, a new TB infection occurs every second. When one considers that much of this transmission occurs in areas with high HIV prevalence, the imminent danger of a global co-epidemic is clear," said Diane Havlir, head of the World Health Organisation's TB/HIV working group. TB control has been severely destabilised in regions with high rates of HIV, the study says. In one community of 13 000 people outside of Cape Town, South Africa, the TB patient case load increased six-fold between 1996 and 2004, the researchers reported. A staggering increase "There has been a staggering increase in TB in this community, and this has been replicated right across southern Africa," Stephan Lawn, a medical researcher at the University of Cape Town, said in a statement. The report called for urgent coordinated action on the part of governments, researchers, drug companies and local communities. The measures called for include fast diagnostic tests to detect all forms of TB in HIV-infected adults and children; new methods to rapidly map HIV and TB hotspots; new screening tools to identify new cases of drug-resistant TB; and better equipment for field laboratories in the most affected areas. There are approximately nine million new cases of tuberculosis in the world every year, according to the WHO. In 2005, the disease killed 1.6 million people. At the same time, an estimated 40 million people are living with HIV, according to the UN and the WHO. There were 4.3 million new infections in 2006 with 2.8 million (65 percent) of these occurring in sub- Saharan Africa. In 2006, 2.9 million people died of Aids-related illnesses. In South Africa, HIV/Aids is the leading cause of child mortality and accounts for 40 to 60 percent of all deaths nationwide, according to Unicef. AFP ---------------------------------------- The Effect of the Host's Iron Status on Tuberculosis Author(s) Johan R. Boelaert, Stefaan J. Vandecasteele, Rui Appelberg, and Victor R. Gordeuk Identifiers The Journal of Infectious Diseases, volume 195 (2007), pages 1745- 1753 DOI: 10.1086/518040 PubMed ID: 17492589 Abstract Several lines of evidence have suggested that iron is critical for Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in macrophages. Macrophage iron loading in patients with African iron overload increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB) and may worsen TB outcome. Likewise, macrophage iron loading may contribute to an increased predisposition toward TB in HIV infection. Human genetic disorders or variations may increase the risk of TB or worsen its outcome through macrophage iron loading, including the haptoglobin 2-2 phenotype, NRAMP1 polymorphisms (at least in Africans and Asians), and possibly ferroportin 1 mutations, but not HFE hemochromatosis. Thus, the host's iron status may be an important yet underevaluated factor in TB prevention and therapy and in TB vaccine design. Published by the University of Chicago Press Copyright © 2007, the Infectious Diseases Society of America. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------*-----**----- J Clin Virol 2001 Feb;20(3):111-5 Iron status and the outcome of HIV infection: an overview. Gordeuk VR, Delanghe JR, Langlois MR, Boelaert JR Center for Sickle Cell Disease and Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, 20059, Washington, DC, USA [Medline record in process] Background: Theoretical considerations and experiments in the laboratory suggest that excessive iron stores may have an adverse effect on immunity. If so, high iron stores might be especially a problem in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Objective and study design: Review published clinical studies that provide information regarding the effect of iron status on the outcome of HIV infection. Results: Four clinical observations have provided some perspective on the effect of iron status on the outcome of HIV-1 infection. First, in a restrospective study of HIV-positive thalassemia major patients, the rate of progression of HIV disease was significantly faster in patients with lower doses of desferrioxamine and higher serum ferritin concentrations. **Second, the inadvertent simultaneous administration of low doses of oral iron with dapsone for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-positive patients may have been associated with excess mortality.** Third, a study of haptoglobin polymorphisms in HIV-positive subjects indicated that the haptoglobin 2-2 polymorphism is associated with higher iron stores and shortened survival as compared with the haptoglobin 1-1 or 2-1 phenotypes. Fourth, a retrospective study of bone marrow macrophage iron in HIV-positive patients suggested that survival is shorter with high iron stores. Conclusion: These four observations raise the possibility that high iron status may adversely influence the outcome of HIV-1 infection. PMID: 11166657, UI: 21112136 __________________________________________________ _______________ J Gastroenterol. 2007 Oct;42(10):830-6. Epub 2007 Oct 15. Long-term phlebotomy with low-iron diet therapy lowers risk of development of hepatocellular carcinoma from chronic hepatitis C.Kato J, Miyanishi K, Kobune M, Nakamura T, Takada K, Takimoto R, Kawano Y, Takahashi S, Takahashi M, Sato Y, Takayama T, Niitsu Y. Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan. BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated that in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), iron depletion improves serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels as well as hepatic oxidative DNA damage. However, it has not been determined whether continuation of iron depletion therapy for CHC favorably influences its progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: We conducted a cohort study on biopsy-proven CHC patients with moderate or severe liver fibrosis who failed to respond to previous interferon (IFN) therapy or had conditions for which IFN is contradicted. Patients were divided into two groups: subjects in group A (n = 35) underwent weekly phlebotomy (200 g) until they reached a state of mild iron deficiency, followed by monthly maintenance phlebotomy for 44-144 months (median, 107 months), and they were advised to consume a low-iron diet (5-7 mg iron/day); group B (n = 40) comprised CHC patients who declined to receive iron depletion therapy. RESULTS: In group A, during the maintenance phase, serum ALT levels decreased to less than 60 IU/l in all patients and normalized (<40 IU/l) in 24 patients (69%), whereas in group B no spontaneous decrease in serum ALT occurred. Hepatocarcinogenesis rates in groups A and B were 5.7% and 17.5% at the end of the fifth year, and 8.6% and 39% in the tenth year, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that iron depletion therapy significantly lowered the risk of HCC (odds ratio, 0.57) compared with that of untreated patients (P = 0.0337). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term iron depletion for CHC patients is a promising modality for lowering the risk of progression to HCC. PMID: 17940836 [PubMed - in process] Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk |
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