""Supplementation of flaxseed flour, a source of omega-3 fatty acids for
2 weeks""

Flaxseed in fact has only a precursor to omega3 which the body converts
to it. In some peoplewith Inflammation it is thought not to be
effectively converted.

Fish oil and animal flesh also contain it in the full omega3 form
without conversion.

Jesus ate a mediterranean diet.

"Supplementation of flaxseed flour, a source of omega-3 fatty acids
for 2 weeks"

Systemic inflammation in morbidly obese subjects: response to oral
supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid
Alternative Medicine Review,
Sept, 2007 by J. Faintuch, L.M. Horie, H.V. Barbeiro
BACKGROUND:
Morbidly obese patients frequently display asymptomatic chronic
activation of acute phase response, with potentially adverse metabolic
and cardiovascular consequences. Nutritional preparations to improve
this phenomenon have rarely been administered. Aiming to investigate
the supplementation of flaxseed flour, a source of omega-3 fatty
acids, a prospective randomized double-blind cross-over study was
designed.
METHODS:
Outpatient obese subjects (n = 41) were clinically and biochemically
screened, and results for 24 randomized subjects are shown. Age was
40.8 +/- 11.6 years (83.3% females) and body mass index (BMI) was 47.1
+/- 7.2 kg/ [m.sup.2]. Flaxseed flour (Farinha de Linhaca Dourada
LinoLive, Cisbra, Brazil) in the amount of 30 g/day (5 g of
alphalinolenic acid - omega-3) and an equal mass of placebo (manioc
flour) were administered for 2 weeks each. Variables included general
biochemical investigation, white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive
protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibronectin.
RESULTS:
No intolerance was registered. Body weight and general biochemical
indices remained stable. Initial CRP and SAA were elevated (13.7 +/-
9.9 and 17.4 +/- 8.0 ).WBC (8100 +/- 2100/[mm.sup.3]) and fibronectin
(463.2 +/- 61.3 mg/dL) were acceptable but in the upper normal range.
Corresponding findings after supplementation of flaxseed were 10.6 +/-
6.2 mg/L, 14.3 +/- 9.2 mg/L, 7300 +/- 1800/[mm.sup.3] and 412.8 +/-
38.6 respectively (P<0.05). No change during the control period
regarding baseline occurred when placebo was randomized to be given
first; however, when it followed omega-3 supplementation, CRP and SAA
recovered, whereas WBC and fibronection remained depressed during
those 2 weeks (7500 +/- 2100/[mm.sup.3] and 393.2 +/- 75.8 mg/dL,
P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
1) Various inflammatory markers were elevated in the studied
population, although not necessarily exceeding the normal range; 2)
Significant reduction could be demonstrated; 3) Some persistent
effects of flaxseed supplement 2 weeks after discontinuation were
observed.
------------------------------------------------- Different fatty acid intakes results in different fatty acid ..
contents.

"Can displace arachidonic acid" / Good thing.
"The omega-3 fatty acids inhibit the conversion of linoleic acid to
arachidonic acid, thereby reducing the biosynthesis of arachidonic
acid and its eicosanoids" / Good thing.
"Up to 80% of the fatty acids in leafy green plants is in the form of
Alpha-linolenic Acid"


Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1998 Mar;58(3):185-91.
Links
Dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases TNF-alpha, and decreases IL-6,
IL-10 in response to LPS: effects of sesamin on the delta-5
desaturation of omega6 and omega3 fatty acids in mice.
Chavali SR, Zhong WW, Forse RA.
Department of Surgery, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
02215,
USA.


Sesamin (a non-fat portion of sesame seed oil) inhibits delta-5
desaturase activity resulting in an accumulation of dihomo-gamma-
linolenic acid (DGLA) which can displace arachidonic acid (AA) and
decrease the formation of pro-inflammatory mediators. We investigated
the effects of consumption of diets containing 0.25wt% sesamin and 15
wt% safflower oil (SO) (providing 12% of the added fat as linoleic
acid) or a 15 wt% 2:1 mixture of linseed oil and SO (LOSO) (providing
6% alpha-linolenic acid and 6% linoleic acid) for 3 weeks on the
liver
membrane fatty acid composition and on the production of
prostaglandin
(PG) E2, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL10 in mice. Consumption of sesamin-
supplemented SO and LOSO diets resulted in a significant increase in
the levels of 20:3omega6 (DGLA), suggesting that sesamin inhibited
delta-5 desaturation of omega6 fatty acids. In animals fed LOSO
diets,
the levels of alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and
of
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were elevated with a concomitant decrease
of arachidonic acid (AA) in the liver membrane phospholipids.
Further,
in animals fed LOSO diets with or without sesamin, an increase in the
circulating levels of TNF-alpha was associated with a concomitant
decrease in PGE2. Despite a lack of differences in the levels of AA,
the PGE2 levels were significantly lower in mice fed sesamin-
supplemented SO compared to those fed SO alone. Thus, these data
suggest that irrespective of the availability of a specific fatty
acid
as a substrate, through regulating the PGE2 synthesis, the production
of TNF-alpha could be modulated.


PMID: 9610840 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


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http://www.flaxhealth.com/foodsources.htm




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